Index of Bacteria
|
Characteristics |
Genus |
Representative Diseases |
|
I. Rigid, thick-walled cells |
|
|
|
--A. Free-living (extracellular) |
|
|
|
-----1. Gram-positive |
|
|
|
----------Cocci |
Strep. pyogenes (A) |
b -hemolyt,M-protein,steptolysin O and S,SPE,strep throat, Rheum/glomerulo Ags |
|
|
Strep. agalactiae (B) |
b -hemolytic, present in vagina, spread on baby at birth |
|
|
Strep. viridans |
a -hemolytic, viridans=green in latin Þ green CSF/culture |
|
|
Strep. bovis (D) |
associated with GI/colonic neoplasms (adenomas or carcinomas) |
|
|
Strep. enterococcus (D) |
VRE=vancomycin resistant enterococci. 2nd most common nosocomial infections |
|
|
Strep. pneumoniae |
pneumococcus,pneumolysin,capsule confers virulence,quellung reaction, meningitis |
|
|
Staph. aureus |
95% resistant to penicillin food poisoning exotoxin,Protein A,coagulase,exfoliatin,TSST-1 toxin,hyaluronidase |
|
|
Staph. epidermidis |
polysac capsure:adheres to prosthetic devices,nosocomial infections,vancomycin |
|
|
Staph. saprophyticus |
UTI in sexually active women |
|
----------Spore-forming rods ---------------(1) aerobic |
Bacillus anthrax |
Only bug with aa’s in capsule, habitat in soil, spores, penicillin, vaccine available |
|
---------------(2) anaerobic |
Clostridium tetani |
A-B exotoxin, inhibts release of inhib NTs, paralysis, vaccine available |
|
|
Clostridium botulinum |
Food poisoning, toxin blocks Ach release at cholinergic synapses, no vaccine |
|
|
Clostridium difficle |
Antibiotic associated diarrhea – takes over intestine + produces toxin |
|
----------Non-spore-forming rods ---------------(1) Nonfilamentous |
Corynebacterium diphtheriae |
ADP-ribosylating of EF-2, pseudomembrane, destruc of heart + CNS |
|
---------------(2) Filamentous |
Listeria |
|
|
|
Actinomyces |
|
|
|
Nocardia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
-----2. Gram-negative |
|
|
|
----------Cocci |
Neisseria meningitidis |
Meningiococcus – polysac capsule, LPS, IgA protease, available vaccine |
|
|
Neisseria gonorrhea |
Gonococcus – NO polysac capsule, LOS, b -lactamase, IgA protease, no vaccine |
|
----------Rods: |
|
|
|
---------------Facultative: Straight |
|
|
|
-------------------------Respiratory |
Haemophilus |
Hib – disease of kids, resistant polysac capsule, need chocolate agar (factors X+V) |
|
|
Bordetella |
Legionnaires’ disease ("atypical" pneumonia), transmission via water, not via person-person |
|
|
Legionella |
Causes pneumonia |
|
-------------------------Zoonotic |
Bartonella henselae |
Imnocompetent – CSD; immunoincompetent – BA/BPH |
|
|
Bartonella quintana |
Immunoincompentent – BA/BPH or bacteremia + endocarditis |
|
|
Bartonella Bacilliformis |
Carrions Disease – Oroya Fever + Verruga Peruava |
|
-------------------------Enteric |
Yersinia |
Inflammatory diarrhea (bloody) ST-like enterotoxin, invasin, YOPS stop phago |
|
|
Escherichia |
|
|
|
Enterotoxigenic |
ETEC– "traveler’s diarrhea", LT toxin (like cholera), ST toxin ( Ý cGMP) |
|
|
Enteropathogenic |
EPEC – bundle forming pilus (BFP) adheres to enterocytes |
|
|
Enteroinvasive |
EIEC – invades enterocytes like Shigella - inflammatory diarrhea = pus |
|
|
Enterohemorrahagic |
EHEC – Shigalike cytotoxin, bloody diarrhea |
|
|
Enterobacter |
|
|
|
Salmonella typhi |
Inflammatory diarrhea |
|
|
Shigella |
inflammatory diarrhea, cleaves 28S rRNA Þ stops protein synthesis, dysentery |
|
---------------Facultative: Curved |
Campylobacter |
Colitis, bloody diarrhea, usually followed by Guillian-Barre syndrome |
|
|
Helicobacter |
|
|
|
Vibrio cholera |
Enteropathogen (non-inflam diarrhea)– ADP-ribosylating toxin Þ Ý cAMPÞ secretion |
|
---------------Aerobic |
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
Exotoxin A, grows in tap water,resistant to many antibiotics, immunocompromised pts |
|
---------------Anaerobic |
Bacteroides fragilis |
most common bugs (in colon)cause of anaerobic infections: sepsis,peritonitis,abscesses most common bacteroides, endotoxin released after invasion of body via mucosal surface |
|
-----3. Acid-fast |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
Gram-p rods that demonstrate acid-fast staining, strict aerobes, no endo/exotoxins; Mycolic acids,type IV hypersensitivity reaction, LAM, NH4,prevents lysosome fusion, ghon complex, ventilation |
|
|
Mycobacterium avium |
Common in AIDS patients |
|
|
Mycobacterium leprae |
Leprosy, habitat is human skin and nerves, transmission by prolonged contact |
|
--B. Non-free-living (obligate intracellular parasites) |
Rickettsia rickettsii |
Rocky Mt spotted fever, ticks, no toxin/virulence factor, vasculitis |
|
|
Chlamydia Trachomatis |
Elementary body Þ reticulate body(does binary fission,ATP from host), lysosml fusion inhibited |
|
II. Flexible, thin-walled cells (spirochetes; no exotoxins) |
Treponema pallidum |
Syphilis,1º chancre,2º papular rash,3º gummas(granulomas),SLE-like Abs,Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction |
|
|
Borrelia burgdorferi |
Lyme disease, 1º erythema chronicum migrans-rash at bite site, 2º cardiac/neuro, 3º arthritis |
|
|
Borrelia recurrentis and others |
Get relapsing fever because antigens of bugs undergo variation 3-10 times |
|
|
Leptospira |
Leptospirosis,rats/pets/livestock,ingestion Þ biphasic illness:feverÞ meningitis/jaundice |
|
III. Wall-less cells |
Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
Primary atypical pneumonia , steals cholesterol from euk cells, smallest free-living organism |