Miscellaneous
- Osmolarity
- 2
(Na + K) + BUN/28 + glucose/18
- Compensation
of Acid-Base Disorders
- Metabolic
Acidosis
– pCO2 = 1.5 x [HCO3-] + 8
- Metabolic
Alkalosis
– pCO2 = 0.6 x [HCO3-] (or
0.7 x [HCO3-] + 21)
- Respiratory
Acidosis
– [HCO3-] = 0.4 x pCO2 (or pH =
0.008 x ( pCO2 - 40 ) )
- Respiratory
Alkalosis
– [HCO3-] = 0.5 x pCO2 (or pH =
0.008 x ( 40 - pCO2 ) )
- Oxygen-Hemoglobin
Dissociation Curve
- Shifted
to the right (higher PO2 required) by:
- Increased
temperature
- Low pH
- Increased
PCO2
- Increased
DPG
- Shifted
to the left (lower PO2 required)
- Coagulation
Cascade
- Intrinsic
pathway:
XII à XI à IX à X
- Extrinsic
pathway:
tissue factor à VII à X
- Common
Pathway:
X à II (thrombin) à I (fibrin); XIII crosslinks
fibrin
- II also
activates VIII (assists IX à X) and V (assists X à II)